The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the current age-specific fertility rates, and if she lived from birth until the end of her reproductive life. . In India, the TFR has experienced a significant decline, from nearly 6.2 children per woman in 1950 to just under 2 children per woman in 2021. Hence option (d) is the correct answer. TFR of about 2.1 children per woman is called Replacement-level fertility. TFR lower than 2.1 children per woman — indicates that a generation is not producing enough children to replace itself, eventually leading to an outright reduction in population.