and China are the most populous countries in the However, with limited arable land about 120 hectares in China, and 156 million hectares in both face the challenge of producing enough fodder, and fiber for their population. Both have modern technologies in agriculture, starting High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds in the mid-1960s, irrigation cover, and use of more chemical to get more food from this limited land. statement 1 is correct. irrigation cover is 41% of cultivated area, and is 48%. As a result of this irrigation, China’s total area is 166 m ha compared to India’s gross area of 198 m ha. Even with much lesser land cultivation, China produces agricultural output at $1,367 billion—more than three times that of $407 billion. Hence statement 2 is correct. seeds that result from higher R&D expenditures demand more fertilizer. It is worth noting that fertilizer consumption in 2016 was 503 kg/ha of area compared to just 166 kg/ha for India, as per Bank estimates. No wonder, China’s productivity most crops is 50 to 100% higher than India’s. yield is the quantity of a crop produced on unit of land. In India agricultural yield of food grains increased by more than four times since 1950-51, was 3479 kg/hectare in 2021. Whereas the average of food grains was 6321 kg/hectare. Hence 3 is not correct.