Cargo from Gujarat's Mundra port takes Eastern route to reach Kazakhstan. It reached after traversing Iran, Turkmenistan and bolstering India's efforts to tap the eastern of INSTC for undertaking trade with central Asia. International North-South Transport Corridor is an important initiative taken by India, Russia Iran by signing an Inter-Governmental Agreement 12th September 2000, to enhance trade and connectivity among countries along its route. present, there are 13 Members of INSTC, namely- Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Oman Syria. Bulgaria has joined as an Observer State. INSTC is a multi-modal, cost and time effective from to Northern and Western Europe. It has the to enhance India’s connectivity with Central and Eurasian Region and vice versa, taking into the geo-strategic and economic importance of the involved countries. The eastern corridor Russia to India through the Central Asian of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and and Russia are essential links in the corridor, not Azerbaijan. Hence option (a) is the correct answer. Although option (a) is the most accurate choice, is a possibility that UPSC could also consider (d) as correct, since the corridor passes through as well—particularly along its western which runs from Iran to Azerbaijan, then to and onward to Europe.