FDI includes: (1) Subsidiaries of foreign companies (wholly owned foreign enterprise), (2) Majority foreign equity holding in Indian companies (controlling interest), and (3) Companies exclusively financed by foreign companies (joint ventures or fully foreign-funded). Portfolio investment (statement 4) is NOT FDI — it is Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI/FII), which involves purchasing shares/bonds without management control. The key distinction: FDI involves ownership and management control; FPI does not.